jenis-jenis tenses

Pengertian Tenses

Kata Tenses berasal dari kata TEMPUS (bahasa latin) yang berarti waktu/time, dan diperoleh melalui Bahasa Prancis yaitu Temps.
Tenses adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja dalam tata bahasa yang menunjukan waktu terjadinya suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa dan tahap penyelesaiannya.

Kata Kerja adalah bagian inti dari Tenses Bahasa Inggris. Kata kerja atau Verb pada rumus-rumus Tenses di blog ini, Kata kerja atau Verb ini sering saya singkat V saja. Jadi kalau V+ing artinya sama dengan Verb+ing, sering juga saya tulis sebagai “Ving” saja agar mudah.

Kata kerja dalam bahasa Inggris ada banyak bentuknya: V1, V2, V3, Ving.

Kata Kerja bentuk 1 atau saya singkat V1, yaitu kata kerja dasar, seperti: drink, go, write, read, participate, learn, study, dan sebagainya. Ada kata kerja bentuk ke 2, sering saya singkat V2. Kata kerja bentuk 3 ya V3. Serta Kata Kerja bentuk ING atau saya singkat Ving. Bagaimana cara menggunakan bentuk-bentuk kata kerja tersebut? Ada di masing-masing pelajaran Tenses Bahasa Inggris.

Perubahan Bentuk Kata Kerja

Perubahan bentuk Kata Kerja bentuk 1 (V1) ke bentuk kedua (V2) dan bentuk ke 3 (V2) ada yang beraturan (ada rumusnya) dan ada juga yang tidak beraturan (tidak ada rumusnya).

Kata Kerja Beraturan (Regular Verb):

Artinya ya mempunyai keteraturan bentuknya, ada rumusnya misalnya ditambah “D” atau “ED” seperti: live – lived – lived, play, played, played.

Kata Kerja TIDAK Beraturan (Irregular Verb):

Misalnya kata kerja “drink” berturut-turut untuk bentuk ke 1 sampai 3: drink-drank-drunk. Satu contoh lain lagi: break-broke-broken

Berikut ini contoh-contoh tenses serta rumusnya:

1. KELOMPOK PRESENT (WAKTU SEKARANG)
1. Simple Present Tense (waktu sekarang)
She writes some letters now (active)
Dia menulis beberapa surat sekarang
[S + Verb1 + O/C]

Some letters are written by her now (passive)
Beberapa surat ditulis oleh dia sekarang
[S + To Be(am,are,is) + Verb3 + O]

2. Present Continuous Tense (sedang berlangsung)
She is writing some letters now (active)
Dia sedang menulis beberapa surat sekarang
[S + To Be(am,are,is) + (Verb1+ing) + O/C]

Some letters are being written by her now (passive)
Beberapa surat sedang ditulis oleh dia sekarang
[S + To Be(am,are,is) + being + Verb3 + O]

3. Present Perfect Tense (telah dikerjakan)
She has written some letters (active)
Dia telah menulis beberapa surat
[S + have,has + Verb3 + O/C]

Some letters have been written by her (passive)
Beberapa surat telah ditulis oleh dia
[S + have,has + been + Verb3+ O]

4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense (telah sedang dikerjakan)
She has been writing some letters for two hours (active)
Dia telah sedang menulis beberapa surat selama 2 jam
[S + have,has + been + (Verb1+ing) + O/C]

Some letters have been being written by her for two hours (passive)
Beberapa surat telah sedang ditulis oleh dia selama 2 jam
[S + have,has + been + being + Verb3 + O]

2. KELOMPOK FUTURE (YANG AKAN DATANG)
1. Simple Future Tense
She will write some letters tomorrow (active)
Dia akan menulis beberapa surat besok
[S + shall/will + Verb1 + O/C]

Some letters will be written by her tomorrow (passive)
Beberapa surat akan ditulis oleh dia besok
[S + shall/will + be + Verb3 + O]

2. Future Continuous Tense
She will be writing some letters tomorrow (active)
Dia akan sedang menulis beberapa surat besok
[S + shall/will + be + (Verb1+ing) + O/C]

Some letters will be being written by her tomorrow (passive)
Beberapa surat akan sedang ditulis oleh dia besok
[S + shall/will + be + being + Verb3 + O]

3. Future Perfect Tense
She will have written some letters (active)
Dia akan telah menulis beberapa surat
[S + shall/will + have + Verb3 + O/C]

Some letters will have been written by her (passive)
Beberapa surat akan telah ditulis oleh dia
[S + shall/will + have + been + Verb3 + O]

4. Future Perfect Continuous Tense
She will have been writing some letters (active)
Dia akan telah sedang menulis beberapa surat
[s + shall/will + have + been + (Verb1+ing) + O/C]

Some letters will have been being written by her (passive)
Beberapa surat akan telah sedang ditulis oleh dia
[S + shall/will + have + been + being + Verb3 + O]


3. KELOMPOK PAST FUTURE (YANG AKAN DATANG DI MASA LAMPAU)
1. Past Future Tense
She would write some letters when you came (active)
Dia akan menulis beberapa surat ketika kamu datang
[S + should,would + Verb1 + O/C]

Some letters would be written by her when you came (passive)
Beberapa surat akan ditulis oleh dia ketika kamu datang
[S + should,would + be + Verb3 + O]

2. Past Future Continuous Tense
She would be writing some letters on Monday last week (active)
Dia akan sedang menulis beberapa surat pada hari Senin minggu lalu
[S + should,would + be +(Verb1+ing) + O/C]

Some letters would be being written by her on Monday last week (passive)
Beberapa surat akan sedang ditulis oleh dia pada hari Senin minggu lalu
[S + shoul,would + be + being + Verb3 + O]

3. Past Future Perfect Tense
She would have written some letters if you hadn’t come here (active)
Dia akan telah menulis beberapa surat jika kamu belum datang kesini
[S + should,would + have + Verb3 + O/C]

Some letters would have been written by her if you hadn’t come here (passive)
Beberapa surat akan telah sedang ditulis oleh dia jika kamu belum datang kesini
[S + should,would + have + been + Verb3 + O]

4. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
She would have been writing some letters by March this year (active)
Dia akan telah sedang menulis beberapa surat menjelang Maret tahun ini
[S + should,would + have + been + (Verb1+ing) + O/C]

Some letters would have been being written by her by March this year (passive)
Beberapa surat akan telah sedang ditulis oleh dia menjelang Maret tahun ini
[S + should,would + have + been + being + Verb3 + O]

4. KELOMPOK PAST PERFECT TENSE ( S + had + Past Participle )

- Stating what she had done before the other actions performed on the past.

‘When my mother went, I had cleaned that room’.

‘He told me has name after I had asked him twice’

Note : Past Perfect should be used if time is an act of the past sooner than other actions.

The first deed is done, we use Past Perfect, and the second act we use Past Tense.

5. KELOMPOK PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS ( S + had + been + Present Participle )

- Demonstrate ongoing actions in the past.

‘When I finished my dinner, he had been playing guitar’

‘When I came to Surabaya in 1980, he had already been living there about five years’

6. KELOMPOK FUTURE TENSES ( S + will/shall + Infinitive )

- Declare acts to be done in the future.

‘She will review that lesson’

‘I shall go wih you’

sumber :
1. http://id.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100919193032AAxFrBM
2.http://melqyautoshare.blogspot.com/2011/07/16-tenses-bahasa-inggris.html?z#!/2011/07/16-tenses-bahasa-inggris.html